GEMS HEBBERK CARE SERVICES WELLNESS SERIES
Supporting Seniors on GLP-1 Medications: A Complete Family Caregiver's Guide to Nutrition, Massage, Herbal Support, and Safe Movement
From clinical confusion to natural clarity — understanding your body, avoiding common pitfalls, and embracing a path to wellness informed by global research and cultural wisdom.
Introduction: A New Reality for Senior Health
Imagine this. Margaret, a vibrant 78-year-old who loves tending her small garden and playing cards with her grandkids, has been struggling with her weight for years. Her doctor recently prescribed a new medication—one of those breakthrough drugs everyone seems to be talking about. Within months, Margaret loses nearly 25 pounds. She is thrilled. But something else is happening. Margaret feels weaker. Getting out of her favourite armchair takes more effort. She tires more easily during her morning walks. She does not understand why losing weight should make her feel less like herself.
Margaret is not alone.
In 2026, approximately one in eight Americans has taken a GLP-1 medication such as Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, or Zepbound. Among adults over 65, these drugs have become increasingly common for managing type 2 diabetes and, in some cases, obesity. While the results can be life-changing, there is a hidden side to rapid weight loss in older adults that many families and even some healthcare providers overlook.
But what exactly is GLP-1? Let us explain it plainly.
GLP-1 stands for Glucagon-Like Peptide-1. Think of it as a natural messenger in your body. After you eat, your gut sends out this messenger to do two important jobs: first, it tells your brain "you are full, stop eating"; second, it tells your pancreas to release insulin, which helps move sugar from your blood into your cells for energy.
These new medications—technically called "GLP-1 receptor agonists"—are synthetic copies of that natural messenger. They work by mimicking your body's own fullness signals, which is why people feel less hungry and eat less. They also slow down how quickly food leaves your stomach, keeping you feeling full for longer.
In simple terms, GLP-1 medications trick your body into thinking it has just eaten a large meal, so you feel full faster and stay full longer.
For many seniors, these medications offer real hope: better blood sugar control, reduced heart-related risks, and meaningful weight loss. However, as Margaret discovered, there is more to the story.
In this comprehensive guide, we will walk you through everything you need to know about supporting a senior loved one who is taking GLP-1 medications. We will explore the unique risks older adults face, the nutritional strategies that protect muscle and bone, the surprising power of massage for managing side effects, the gentle exercises that preserve strength and independence, and the supportive role of herbal and home remedies.
Part One: Understanding the Hidden Risks
To care for someone well, you must first understand what is happening inside their body. Below, we explain each medical term in accessible language before presenting the evidence.
Key Medical Terms Explained
1. Muscle Loss That Undermines Strength
Understanding the basics: Sarcopenia is the natural loss of muscle that accompanies ageing. Beginning around age 65, adults lose approximately 0.5% to 1% of their muscle mass each year. By age 75, this can amount to a 5-10% reduction in muscle mass from ageing alone.
What the evidence shows: A systematic review and meta-analysis published in March 2026 in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism (Eisa et al., 2026) reviewed 20 randomised controlled trials involving 15,782 participants and found that 25% to 39% of total weight lost on these medications comes from lean mass—meaning muscle and bone. Specifically, for semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy), 35.2% of the weight lost was lean mass; for tirzepatide (Mounjaro/Zepbound), 25.4%; for liraglutide (Saxenda), 26.8%.
What this means for seniors: A senior already experiencing age-related muscle loss may face accelerated decline from the medication, potentially advancing them into a state of clinical frailty. Frailty is not merely subjective weakness but a measurable medical condition that significantly elevates the risk of falls, fractures, hospitalisation, and loss of independence.
The underlying mechanism: GLP-1 medications suppress glucagon, a hormone that normally facilitates the body's use of amino acids—the building blocks of protein. When glucagon remains chronically suppressed, the body may begin catabolising (breaking down) muscle tissue to access amino acids for energy. A 2026 editorial in the peer-reviewed journal Diabetology International (Tippairote et al., 2026; PMID: 41311515) characterizes this process as "exposure-related malnutrition"—a gradual, often unnoticed depletion of the body's reserves that may remain hidden until a fall or illness reveals the extent of strength lost.
2. Bone Loss and Fracture Risk
Understanding the basics: Bones adapt to the demands placed upon them. Weight-bearing activities and movement create mechanical loading, which signals bone tissue to maintain or increase density. Conversely, rapid weight loss reduces mechanical loading, effectively signalling bones that less strength is required.
What the evidence shows: According to Dr Yuval Pinto, assistant professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, in a February 2026 Medscape Medical News interview, research demonstrates that older patients with diabetes treated with GLP-1 medications have a 12% increased fracture risk compared to those treated with other diabetes medications. Furthermore, the FDA labelling for Wegovy documents hip fracture rates of 1% versus 0.2% with placebo (Lamberg, 2026).
What this means for seniors: For postmenopausal women, who already face elevated osteoporosis risk, this is a critical concern. A hip fracture at age 75 or older can lead to permanent disability or death within one year in a significant percentage of cases.
3. Dehydration and Kidney Injury
Understanding the basics: Common gastrointestinal side effects of GLP-1 medications include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. While often manageable in younger populations, these effects pose greater risks for older adults, who are more likely to have reduced kidney function and may already struggle with adequate fluid intake.
What the evidence shows: Dr Yuval Pinto notes that "elderly patients, particularly those with baseline reduced kidney function or poor hydration habits, are at high risk for severe dehydration even from mild GI symptoms" (Lamberg, 2026).
4. Gastrointestinal Distress and Discontinuation Rates
Understanding the basics: Nausea, bloating, constipation, and diarrhoea are frequent complaints among GLP-1 users. For seniors, these side effects can lead to reduced food intake, malnutrition, and reluctance to continue the medication.
What the evidence shows: Studies indicate that patients 65 and older are 20% to 30% more likely than younger patients to discontinue these drugs within one year (Korman, 2026). Another study found that nearly 60% of older adults with diabetes who started semaglutide discontinued it within 12 months.
5. Neurologic Changes and Fall Risk
Understanding the basics: Dizziness is the most commonly reported neurologic side effect in older adults taking these medications.
What the evidence shows: Dr Yuval Pinto identifies dizziness as "the most frequently observed neurologic side effect in older adults receiving GLP1-RA treatment" (Lamberg, 2026). Dizziness increases fall risk, particularly when combined with medication-induced muscle weakness and balance impairment.
What this means for seniors: A fall for a senior on a GLP-1 medication is not a minor event. It can precipitate a hip fracture, hospitalisation, surgery, and permanent loss of independence.
6. Who Should NOT Take These Medications
Understanding the basics: Before initiating a GLP-1 medication, careful evaluation of whether a senior is an appropriate candidate is essential. The following contraindications are outlined by Dr Yuval Pinto of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (Lamberg, 2026) and Dr Tamaan Osbourne-Roberts (2024).
Absolute Contraindications (Do NOT take these medications):
- Personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndrome
- History of bowel obstruction
- Severe gastroparesis (stomach paralysis)
- End-stage renal disease or dialysis dependence
Strong Relative Contraindications (Proceed with extreme caution or avoid):
- Moderate to severe dementia or cognitive impairment
- Stage 4 chronic kidney disease
- Baseline sarcopenia or frailty with a history of falls
- Severe osteoporosis
- Uncontrolled severe psychiatric illness, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia, or severe depression
- History of pancreatitis
- eGFR (kidney function measure) below 30 mL/min/1.73m²
Part Two: The Gems Hebberk Three Pillars of Support
At Gems Hebberk Care Services, we have developed a comprehensive approach to supporting seniors on GLP-1 medications. Our philosophy is straightforward: weight loss should never come at the cost of strength, independence, or quality of life.
Pillar One: Nutrition That Protects Muscle
Understanding the basics: When appetite is suppressed and caloric intake declines, people must ensure they consume food items that provide substantial nutritional value. Empty calories—foods with minimal nutritional content, such as sugary beverages or refined grains—offer no benefit.
Protein First, Always: Protein supplies the molecular building blocks required for muscle maintenance and repair. Without adequate protein intake, the body will catabolise muscle tissue for energy.
What the experts recommend: According to Dr Shauna Levy, chief of bariatric surgery at Tulane University School of Medicine, seniors on GLP-1 medications require a minimum of 60 to 90 grams of protein per day, distributed evenly across meals (Lamberg, 2026).
Practical strategies from Gems Hebberk: Distribute protein throughout the day (20-30 grams at each meal). Prioritise high-quality sources: lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs, Greek yoghurt, cottage cheese, legumes, and tofu. Consider protein supplements if solid food is difficult to tolerate. Enhance palatability: cold foods may be better tolerated than hot foods.
Hydration Matters More Than You Think: Dr Shauna Levy recommends 64 ounces of decaffeinated fluid per day (approximately 8 cups or 2 litres) for seniors on these medications (Lamberg, 2026).
Fibre with Caution: Because GLP-1 medications slow gastric emptying, excessive fibre intake too rapidly can cause bloating, gas, and discomfort. Introduce fibre gradually, pair with adequate fluids, choose cooked vegetables over raw when digestion is sensitive, and consult a dietitian when possible.
Pillar Two: Massage Therapy for Comfort and Digestion
Understanding the basics: Massage therapy is one of the most effective non-pharmacological tools for managing gastrointestinal side effects and supporting overall well-being in seniors on GLP-1 medications.
Abdominal Massage for Constipation and Bloating: A randomised controlled trial published in Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research (Volume 37, Article 330, 2025) compared traditional Thai abdominal massage to prune consumption for treating constipation in 105 elderly women aged 60-75. The study found that massage significantly reduced constipation severity (-6.71 points), reduced pain (-5.55 points), and improved stool consistency (-2.03 points) compared to both the prune group and the control group. All improvements were statistically significant.
How abdominal massage works: Massage stimulates colonic motility, reduces rectal discomfort, and activates the parasympathetic nervous system (the "rest and digest" system), which promotes digestive function and relaxation.
How Gems Hebberk Performs Gentle Abdominal Massage: Create a calm environment (warm room, lie on back with knees slightly bent). Use gentle pressure with the pads of your fingers, beginning in the lower right quadrant. Move upward along the right side, across the upper abdomen, then down the left side. Use small, clockwise circles. Maintain communication about comfort levels. Duration: 10-20 minutes, once or twice daily.
Important safety note: Always consult with a healthcare provider before beginning abdominal massage, especially if the person has a history of abdominal surgery, hernias, bowel obstruction, or abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Pillar Three: Safe Movement to Preserve Strength
Understanding the basics: Physical activity is not optional for seniors on GLP-1 medications—it is essential. Exercise helps preserve muscle mass, maintain bone density, improve balance, and reduce fall risk.
Resistance Training: The Muscle Preserver: A study published in Gait & Posture (Pedersen et al., April 2025; PMID: 40188700) evaluated the impact of 12 weeks of combined resistance and balance training in older adults with limited mobility. The study found that sit-to-stand power increased significantly (from 2.3 W/kg to 2.9 W/kg), and 45% of patients moved to a reduced risk of falling category after the program.
Dr Shauna Levy specifically recommends emphasising "resistance training several times per week" for seniors on GLP-1 medications (Lamberg, 2026).
Simple, safe exercises from Gems Hebberk:
1. Sit-to-Stand from a Chair (The Most Important Exercise): Sit in a sturdy chair with feet flat on the floor. Without using your hands (or using them only for balance), stand up slowly. Sit back down with control. Repeat 10 to 15 times. Strengthens quadriceps and gluteal muscles—essential for rising from a chair, getting out of bed, and climbing stairs.
2. Wall Push-Ups: Stand facing a wall, arms extended at shoulder height. Slowly bend your elbows and lean toward the wall. Push back to the starting position. Repeat 10 to 15 times. Builds upper body and core strength.
3. Heel Raises: hold on to a sturdy surface for balance. Slowly lift your heels off the ground, rising onto your toes. Lower back down. Repeat 10 to 15 times. Strengthens calf muscles and improves balance.
4. Marching in Place: While holding onto a chair or countertop, lift one knee at a time. Aim for 30 to 60 seconds. Builds hip flexor and core strength while improving coordination.
Consistency over intensity: The goal is consistency, not intensity. Even short sessions of 5-10 minutes accumulate to meaningful health benefits.
Part Three: Herbal and Simple Home Remedies for Side Effect Management
At Gems Hebberk Care Services, we recognise that many families seek gentle, natural approaches to complement medical care. Researchers have studied the following herbal and home remedies for their potential to alleviate common side effects associated with GLP-1 medications, including nausea, constipation, bloating, and digestive discomfort. Peer-reviewed research supports all recommendations.
The information provided below is for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Gems Hebberk Care Services is not a medical provider and does not prescribe, diagnose, or treat any medical condition.
Before using any herbal remedy, supplement, or home treatment:
1. Consult with a qualified healthcare provider, including the prescribing physician, a pharmacist, and a clinical herbalist if available.
2. Do not stop, start, or change any prescribed medication without explicit guidance from the prescribing doctor.
3. Herbal remedies can interact with prescription medications, including GLP-1 agonists, blood thinners, blood pressure medications, diabetes medications, and many others. Some interactions can be dangerous or life-threatening.
4. "Natural" does not mean "safe for everyone." Herbs have potent biological effects and can cause allergic reactions, side effects, and drug interactions.
5. Seniors, individuals with kidney or liver disease, pregnant or nursing individuals, and those taking multiple medications are at higher risk for adverse effects from herbal remedies.
6. Start with very low doses to test for tolerance and adverse reactions.
7. Discontinue use immediately and seek medical attention if you experience any adverse effects such as rash, difficulty breathing, swelling, severe abdominal pain, or worsening symptoms.
Gems Hebberk Care Services assumes no responsibility or liability for any consequences arising from the use of any herbal remedy or home treatment mentioned in this guide. You are strongly encouraged to verify all information with a licensed healthcare professional before taking any action.
Overview: People have used the root of ginger, a flowering plant, for centuries to treat nausea, vomiting, and digestive upset.What the evidence shows: A systematic review and meta-analysis published in Integrative Medicine Insights (2017) concluded that ginger is effective in reducing nausea, with studies demonstrating that 1 to 1.5 grams of ginger daily significantly reduced nausea severity compared to placebo. A separate randomised controlled trial found that ginger powder capsules (500 mg twice daily) significantly reduced nausea in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Directions for use: Fresh ginger tea (slice 1-2 inches of fresh ginger root, steep in hot water for 10 minutes). Crystallised ginger (small pieces). Ginger capsules (250-500 mg up to twice daily, only after consulting a physician). Ginger ale (choose brands made with real ginger).
Precautions and interactions: Ginger may increase bleeding risk, particularly in individuals taking anticoagulants such as warfarin (Coumadin), clopidogrel (Plavix), or apixaban (Eliquis). Ginger may lower blood sugar; caution is advised for seniors on diabetes medications. Do not exceed 4 grams of ginger daily. Discontinue at least two weeks before any scheduled surgery.
Overview: Peppermint is a hybrid mint plant whose leaves contain menthol, a compound that relaxes the smooth muscles of the digestive tract.What the evidence shows: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial published in BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2020) found that peppermint oil significantly reduced bloating severity and abdominal discomfort compared to placebo. A 2024 systematic review in Nutrients confirmed these findings.
Directions for use: Peppermint tea (steep 1-2 teaspoons of dried peppermint leaves for 5-10 minutes). Peppermint oil capsules (enteric-coated): 0.2 to 0.4 mL three times daily before meals, only after consulting a physician. Fresh peppermint leaves can be chewed after meals.
Precautions and interactions: Peppermint oil capsules can cause heartburn. Peppermint may interact with medications metabolised by the liver. Should not be used by individuals with GERD, hiatal hernia, or gallstones without medical supervision. Do not apply peppermint oil directly to the skin without dilution.
Overview: Fennel is a flowering plant whose seeds have carminative properties, meaning they facilitate the expulsion of gas from the digestive tract.
What the evidence shows: A randomised controlled trial published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (2017) found that fennel significantly reduced bloating, abdominal pain, and constipation severity compared to placebo.
Directions for use: Fennel seed tea (crush 1-2 teaspoons of fennel seeds, steep in hot water for 10 minutes). Chew half to one teaspoon of fennel seeds slowly after meals. For abdominal massage only: dilute 2-3 drops of fennel essential oil in 1 tablespoon of carrier oil. Never ingest essential oils.
Precautions and interactions: Fennel has oestrogen-like properties; individuals with hormone-sensitive conditions should avoid medicinal amounts. May interact with anticoagulants and certain antibiotics.
Overview: The simple combination of warm water and fresh lemon juice, consumed upon waking.
What the evidence shows: A randomised controlled trial found that lemon inhalation significantly reduced nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Lemon water also supports hydration and provides vitamin C.
Directions for use: Squeeze half a lemon into 8-10 ounces of warm (not boiling) water. Sip slowly upon waking, before eating. You can sweeten it with a small amount of honey. Rinse your mouth with plain water afterwards to protect tooth enamel.
Precautions and interactions: Lemon juice can erode tooth enamel with prolonged exposure. Individuals with citrus allergies should avoid it. Do not use lemon essential oil internally.
Overview: A variation of the massage technique described in Pillar Two, enhanced with a warm carrier oil.
What the evidence shows: A 2018 randomised controlled trial found that abdominal massage with warm almond oil significantly reduced constipation severity and improved quality of life in elderly nursing home residents compared to massage without oil.
Directions for use: Warm a small amount of carrier oil (coconut, jojoba, almond, or olive oil) between your palms. Follow the Gems Hebberk abdominal massage protocol. Use gentle, clockwise circular motions for 10-15 minutes. Apply light pressure only.
Precautions and interactions: Do not use essential oils without specific guidance. Perform a patch test first. Do not massage over areas with blood clots, hernias, recent surgical incisions, or undiagnosed abdominal masses.
Overview: Chamomile is a daisy-like flower whose dried blossoms have been used for centuries as a gentle sedative, anti-inflammatory, and digestive aid.What the evidence shows: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial published in Phytomedicine (2016) found that chamomile significantly reduced anxiety symptoms compared to placebo.
Directions for use: Chamomile tea (steep 1-2 teaspoons of dried chamomile flowers for 5-10 minutes). Drink 30-60 minutes before bedtime or after meals. Chamomile capsules: 220-400 mg up to three times daily, only after consulting a physician.
Precautions and interactions: Chamomile is in the ragweed family; individuals with ragweed allergies may experience allergic reactions. May increase bleeding risk. Has mild sedative effects and may interact with sedatives and alcohol.
Overview: Slippery elm is a tree whose inner bark contains mucilage—a gel-like substance that coats and soothes irritated mucous membranes.
What the evidence shows: The German Commission E approves slippery elm for mild inflammation of the stomach and intestines.
Directions for use: Mix 1-2 teaspoons of slippery elm powder with cold water to form a paste, then slowly add 8 ounces of boiling water while stirring. Let cool and drink. Take at least one hour before or two hours after other medications.
Precautions and interactions: Slippery elm can slow the absorption of oral medications, including GLP-1 agonists, anticoagulants, diabetes medications, and thyroid medications. This is a critical interaction. Always separate by at least 1-2 hours.
Overview: Simple, natural sources of fluids and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium) to prevent dehydration, a serious risk for seniors on GLP-1 medications.What the evidence shows: A 2018 randomised controlled trial found that electrolyte-containing fluids were significantly more effective than plain water for maintaining hydration status in seniors. A 2020 study confirmed that coconut water is effective for rehydration.
Directions for use: Bone broth or vegetable broth (4-8 ounces once or twice daily). Unsweetened coconut water (start with 4 ounces daily). Homemade electrolyte drink: mix 32 ounces of water with 1/4 teaspoon of salt, 1/4 teaspoon of potassium chloride, and a squeeze of lemon or lime.
Precautions and interactions: Seniors with kidney disease, heart failure, or hypertension requiring sodium restriction should consult a physician first. Coconut water contains potassium; excessive intake can cause dangerous potassium levels in individuals with kidney impairment.
Part Four: A Day in the Life — Putting It All Together
Here is what a typical day looks like for Margaret under Gems Hebberk Care Services:
Margaret wakes up and sips warm lemon water (an herbal remedy for morning nausea)
Breakfast: Greek yoghurt (20g protein) with berries and walnuts
Hydration: Full 8-ounce glass of water with medications
Morning Movement: 10 minutes of gentle stretching and five sit-to-stand exercises
🌤️ Midday (11:00 AM - 1:00 PM)
Lunch: Lentil soup (12g protein) with soft-cooked carrots
Herbal support: Peppermint tea after lunch to reduce bloating
Abdominal Massage: 15-minute gentle abdominal massage with warm coconut oil
Hydration: Another 8-ounce glass of water or electrolyte-rich broth
☁️ Afternoon (2:00 PM - 4:00 PM)
Walk: 10-minute walk around the neighbourhood with a rolling walker for safety
Rest: Legs slightly elevated
Herbal support: Ginger tea if any nausea occurs
🌙 Evening (5:00 PM - 8:00 PM)
Dinner: Small piece of baked fish (20g protein), mashed sweet potatoes, steamed green beans
Evening Movement: Heel raises and marching in place (5-10 minutes)
Herbal support: Chamomile tea 30 minutes before bedtime for relaxation
Hydration: Final 8-ounce glass of water or decaf tea
Part Five: Red Flags — When to Call for Help
Warning signs that warrant immediate medical attention:
- Pain persists for more than 48 hours after activity
- New-onset swelling or stiffness in a joint
- Numbness, tingling, or weakness in arms or legs
- Difficulty with previously manageable everyday tasks, such as walking or bending
- Signs of severe dehydration: confusion, dizziness, dark urine, inability to keep fluids down
- Persistent vomiting or diarrhoea lasting more than 24 hours
- Significant changes in mental status or alertness
- Falls or near-falls (any fall should prompt a call to the doctor)
- Severe abdominal pain not relieved by gentle massage or home remedies
- Signs of allergic reaction to any herbal remedy: rash, hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat
Conclusion: Your Partner in Thoughtful Care
GLP-1 medications represent a remarkable advance in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. For many seniors, they offer a path to better health. However, people must use these powerful tools with care, wisdom, and a deep understanding of the ageing body.
At Gems Hebberk Care Services, we are committed to being your partner in this journey. We do not merely provide care—we provide expertise, compassion, and the personalised attention that makes a meaningful difference. Our trained caregivers understand the unique needs of seniors on GLP-1 medications. We integrate nutrition support, gentle massage, safe movement strategies, and—when appropriate and with physician approval—gentle herbal supports into every care plan.
💚 We are here for you
Is someone you love taking a GLP-1 medication? Are you concerned about their strength, digestion, or overall well-being? You do not have to navigate this alone.
Contact Gems Hebberk Care Services today to schedule a consultation.
Office: 17 Oritshe Street, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
Service Areas: Lagos • Ogun • Akwa Ibom • Cross River
Request a callback →Location is no barrier to our service
Gems Hebberk Care Services—Strength Through Compassion.
References
- Eisa, N., et al. "Lean Mass Changes With Incretin Therapy Versus Lifestyle Intervention." Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. March 2026.
- Tippairote, T., et al. "Glucagon suppression under GLP-1RA therapy." Diabetology International. 2026. PMID: 41311515.
- Lamberg, E. "Older Patients Have Specific Risks for GLP-1 Use." Medscape Medical News. February 2026. (Feat. Dr Yuval Pinto, Dr Shauna Levy)
- Korman, J., MD. "Americans 65 and Older are Quitting GLP-1s." February 5, 2026.
- "Comparative effects of traditional Thai abdominal massage versus prune consumption on constipation and quality of life in elderly women." Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research. Volume 37, Article 330. 2025.
- Osbourne-Roberts, T., MD. "GLP-1 RAs: When Not to Prescribe." Medscape. December 31, 2024.
- Pedersen, M.W., et al. "The impact of 12 weeks combined resistance and balance training." Gait & Posture. April 2025. PMID: 40188700.
- Lete, I., & Allué, J. "The Effectiveness of Ginger in the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting." Integrative Medicine Insights. 2016.
- "Peppermint oil for functional abdominal bloating: A randomised controlled trial." BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 2020.
- "Fennel seed extract for constipation in the elderly." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2017.
- "Chamomile extract for generalised anxiety disorder." Phytomedicine. 2016.
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